Audio Security Monitor circuits

Description:
A remote listening circuit. The area to be monitored is connected via a cable and allows remote audio listening.
Notes:
You can use this in your garden and listen for any unusual sounds, or maybe just wildlife noises. If you have a car parked in a remote location, the microphone will also pick up any sounds od activity in this area. The cable may be visible or hidden, screened cable is not necessary and you can use bellwire or speaker cable if desired.

                                                                      circuits diagram

Resistor Colour code convertor

This page tells you how to download and use the colour code convertor program
Click to Download
Internet Explorer will respond with a dialog box. You can decide whether to save the program to disc and run it later, or to open it straight away. Either way, there may be a further dialog box, giving dire warnings about downloading software from the internet. (DOCTRONICS knows of no problems with the program, but no guarantee is implied.)
The colour code convertor can be copied and distributed freely, but remains copyright ©. Distribution for profit seems unlikely, but is expressly forbidden.
The program was written using Borland Delphi 2.0.

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How to use the program

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1. Finding the resistor value corresponding to the colour code:
Hold your resistor with the tolerance band (usually gold) at the right hand end:

Resistors

The resistor's function is to reduce the flow of electric current.
This symbol is used to indicate a resistor in a circuit diagram, known as a schematic.
Resistance value is designated in units called the "Ohm." A 1000 Ohm resistor is typically shown as 1K-Ohm ( kilo Ohm ), and 1000 K-Ohms is written as 1M-Ohm ( megohm ).

There are two classes of resistors; fixed resistors and the variable resistors. They are also classified according to the material from which they are made. The typical resistor is made of either carbon film or metal film. There are other types as well, but these are the most common.
The resistance value of the resistor is not the only thing to consider when selecting a resistor for use in a circuit. The "tolerance" and the electric power ratings of the resistor are also important.
The tolerance of a resistor denotes how close it is to the actual rated resistence value. For example, a ±5% tolerance would indicate a resistor that is within ±5% of the specified resistance value.
The power rating indicates how much power the resistor can safely tolerate. Just like you wouldn't use a 6 volt flashlight lamp to replace a burned out light in your house, you wouldn't use a 1/8 watt resistor when you should be using a 1/2 watt resistor.

The maximum rated power of the resistor is specified in Watts.
Power is calculated using the square of the current ( I² ) x the resistance value ( R ) of the resistor. If the maximum rating of the resistor is exceeded, it will become extremely hot, and even burn.
Resistors in electronic circuits are typicaly rated 1/8W, 1/4W, and 1/2W. 1/8W is almost always used in signal circuit applications.
When powering a light emitting diode, a comparatively large current flows through the resistor, so you need to consider the power rating of the resistor you choose.

Rating electric power
For example, to power a 5V circuit using a 12V supply, a three-terminal voltage regulator is usually used.
However, if you try to drop the voltage from 12V to 5V using only a resistor, then you need to calculate the power rating of the resistor as well as the resistance value.

At this time, the current consumed by the 5V circuit needs to be known.
Here are a few ways to find out how much current the circuit demands.
Assemble the circuit and measure the actual current used with a multi-meter.
Check the component's current use against a standard table.
Assume the current consumed is 100 mA (milliamps) in the following example.
7V must be dropped with the resistor. The resistance value of the resistor becomes 7V / 0.1A = 70(ohm). The consumption of electric power for this resistor becomes 0.1A x 0.1A x 70 ohm = 0.7W.

Resistance value

As for the standard resistance value, the values used can be divided like a logarithm.
For example, in the case of E3, The values [1], [2.2], [4.7] and [10] are used. They divide 10 into three, like a logarithm.
In the case of E6 : [1], [1.5], [2.2], [3.3], [4.7], [6.8], [10].
In the case of E12 : [1], [1.2], [1.5], [1.8], [2.2], [2.7], [3.3], [3.9], [4.7], [5.6], [6.8], [8.2], [10].
It is because of this that the resistance value is seen at a glance to be a discrete value.
The resistance value is displayed using ( the colored bars/the colored stripes ), because the average resistor is too small to have the value printed on it with numbers.
You had better learn the color code, because almost all resistors of 1/2W or less use the color code to display the resistance value.

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Fixed Resistors

A fixed resistor is one in which the value of its resistance cannot change.

Carbon film resistors
This is the most general purpose, cheap resistor. Usually the tolerance of the resistance value is ±5%. Power ratings of 1/8W, 1/4W and 1/2W are frequently used.
Carbon film resistors have a disadvantage; they tend to be electrically noisy. Metal film resistors are recommended for use in analog circuits. However, I have never experienced any problems with this noise.
The physical size of the different resistors are as follows.